Our Research

Rethinking what we owe each other

Published Date: 12/08/2021

Loo, Jane and Wong, Yasmine, Rethinking What We Owe Each Other (August 13, 2021). SMU Centre for AI & Data Governance Research Paper No. 08/2021, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3906442 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3906442

Globalisation, Populism, Pandemics and the Law: The Anarchy and the Ecstasy

Published Date: 31/07/2021

Mark Findlay, Professor, Yong Pung How School of Law and Director, Centre for AI and Data Governance, Singapore Management University, Honorary Professor, College of Law, Australian National University, Visiting Professorial Fellow, Law Faculty, University of New South Wales, Australia and Honorary Fellow, School of Law, University of Edinburgh, UK Publication Date: 2021 | ISBN: 978 1 78897 684 8 | Extent: 240 pp

Communicating Ethics across the AI Ecosystem

Published Date: 28/07/2021

Seah, Josephine and Findlay, Mark James SMU Centre for AI & Data Governance Research Paper No. 07/2021 Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3895522 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3895522

Constraint Answer Set Programming as a Tool to Improve Legislative Drafting

Published Date: 28/07/2021

Author(s): Jason MORRIS, Singapore Management University

"Rules as Code" in this paper is used to refer to a proposed methodology of legislative and regulatory drafting. That legislation can be represented in declarative code for automation has long been recognized, as has the opportunity for improving the quality of legal drafting with the techniques of formal representation.

Rules as Code further proposes that both drafting and automation would be improved by initially co-drafting statute law in both natural and computer languages simultaneously.

Knowledge acquisition bottlenecks and roadblocks associated with statutory interpretation are largely avoided. The co-drafted encoding need only reflect what the legislation says, and not what the legislators meant. Legislative intent is instead encoded as tests by people with authoritative knowledge of the intent, the drafters. In this way, failed tests can be used in the drafting process to signal issues with the natural language draft. When the drafting process is complete an authoritative encoding consistent with the legislative intent already exist. This encoding can be used by regulators and regulated entities to automate services and compliance tasks.

MORRIS, Jason. Constraint answer set programming as a tool to improve legislative drafting. (2021). Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law, São Paulo, Brazil, 2021 June 21-25. 262-263.

Researching AI and Data Governance: Meta-Reflections on Research Methods and Practice

Published Date: 15/07/2021

Wong, Willow, Researching AI and Data Governance: Meta-Reflections on Research Methods and Practice (July 16, 2021). SMU Centre for AI & Data Governance Research Paper No. 06/2021, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3888077 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3888077

Covid-19 Responses: A Living Archive

Published Date: 15/07/2021

Compendium Editors: LOO, Jane WEE, Alicia SHANMUGAM, Sharanya An epub copy can be downloaded here.

Trust and Regulation: An Analysis of Emotion

Published Date: 31/05/2021

Findlay, Mark James and Wong, Willow, Trust and Regulation: An Analysis of Emotion (June 1, 2021). SMU Centre for AI & Data Governance Research Paper No. 05/2021, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3857447 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3857447

Ethical Concerns in Court-Connected Online Dispute Resolution

Published Date: 04/05/2021

Quek Anderson, Dorcas International Journal of Online Dispute Resolution (2018) Issue 1-2; Singapore Management University School of Law Research Paper No. 40/2019.

Platform Workers, Data Dominion and Challenges to Work-life Quality

Published Date: 02/05/2021

Choo, Mabel, Zi Ling and Findlay, Mark James, Platform Workers, Data Dominion and Challenges to Work-life Quality (May 3, 2021). SMU Centre for AI & Data Governance Research Paper No. 04/2021, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3839873 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3839873

The Paths to Digital Self-Determination - A Foundational Theoretical Framework

Published Date: 21/04/2021

Remolina, Nydia and Findlay, Mark James, The Paths to Digital Self-Determination - A Foundational Theoretical Framework (April 22, 2021). SMU Centre for AI & Data Governance Research Paper No. 03/2021, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3831726 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3831726

Gauging the Acceptance of Contact Tracing Technology: An Empirical Study of Singapore Residents' Concerns and Trust in Information Sharing

Published Date: 01/04/2021

Ong, Ee-Ing and Loo, Wee Ling, Gauging the Acceptance of Contact Tracing Technology: An Empirical Study of Singapore Residents' Concerns and Trust in Information Sharing (April 2, 2021). Regulatory Insights on Artificial Intelligence: Research for Policy 2021, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3817972 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3817972

Transplanting the Concept of Digital Information Fiduciary

Published Date: 28/02/2021

Yip Man

Personal Data as a Proprietary Resource

Published Date: 28/02/2021

Lee Pey Woan

Medical Artificial Intelligence, Standard of Care in Negligence and Tort Law

Published Date: 28/02/2021

Gary Chan Kok Yew

How to De-Identify Personal Data in South Korea: An Evolutionary Tale

Published Date: 28/02/2021

Ko Haksoo and Sangchul Park

Digital Assets: Balancing Liquidity with Other Considerations

Published Date: 28/02/2021

Gal Acrich, Katia Litvak, On Dvori, Ophir Samuelov, & Dov Greenbaum

Data Trusts for Lawful AI Data Sharing

Published Date: 28/02/2021

Chris Reed

Contractual Consent in the Age of Machine Learning

Published Date: 28/02/2021

GOH Yihan

Blockchain in Land Administration? Overlooked Details in Translating Theory into Practice

Published Date: 28/02/2021

Alvin SEE Wei Liang

The Vulnerability Project: Migrant Workers in Singapore

Published Date: 20/01/2021

Jane Loo, Josephine Seah, and Mark Findlay

Disruptive Technologies and Digital Transformation of the Financial Services Industry in Singapore: Regulatory Framework and Challenges Ahead

Published Date: 02/12/2020

Gurrea-Martínez, Aurelio, Disruptive Technologies and Digital Transformation of the Financial Services Industry in Singapore: Regulatory Framework and Challenges Ahead (December 3, 2020). SMU Centre for AI & Data Governance Research Paper No. 11, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3741759 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3741759

Nose to Glass: Looking In to Get Beyond

Published Date: 30/11/2020

Seah, Josephine, Nose to Glass: Looking In to Get Beyond (December 1, 2020). Navigating the Broader Impacts of AI Research Workshop at NeurIPS 2020, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3817264

Central Bank Money: Liability, Asset, or Equity of the Nation?

Published Date: 17/11/2020

Author(s): Michael Kumhof, Jason G Allen, Will Bateman, Rosa M. Lastra, Simon Gleeson, and Saule T. Omarova

Based on legal arguments, we advocate a conceptual and normative shift in our understanding of the economic character of central bank money (CBM). The widespread treatment of CBM as a central bank liability goes back to the gold standard, and uses analogies with commercial bank balance sheets. However, CBM is sui generis and legally not comparable to commercial bank money. Furthermore, in modern economies, CBM holders cannot demand repayment of CBM in anything other than CBM. CBM is not an asset of central banks either, and it is not central bank shareholder equity because it does not confer the same ownership rights as regular shareholder equity. Based on comparisons across a number of legal characteristics of financial instruments, we suggest that an appropriate characterization of CBM is as ‘social equity’ that confers rights of participation in the economy’s payment system and thereby its economy. This interpretation is important for macroeconomic policy in light of quantitative easing and potential future issuance of central bank digital currency (CBDC). It suggests that in robust economies with credible monetary institutions, and where demand for CBM is sufficiently and sustainably high, large-scale issuance such as under CBDC is not inflationary, and it does not weaken public sector finances.

Kumhof, Michael and Allen, Jason G and Bateman, Will and Lastra, Rosa M. and Gleeson, Simon and Omarova, Saule T., Central Bank Money: Liability, Asset, or Equity of the Nation? (November 14, 2020). Cornell Legal Studies Research Paper 20-46, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3730608 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3730608

WTO Reform: A China Round? PROCEEDINGS OF THE 114TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW

Published Date: 30/09/2020

Henry Gao

Data Regulation in Trade Agreements: Different Models and Options Ahead

Published Date: 30/09/2020

Henry Gao